STRATEGIES FOR TEACHING PROFESSIONAL SKEPTICISM IN THE CLASSROOM: EVIDENCE FROM SENIOR-LEVEL AUDITING STUDENTS
Thomas Hayes
University of Arkansas – Fort Smith
ABSTRACT
One of the most important concepts auditing students learn is professional skepticism.
Professional skepticism, defined as the auditor’s tendency not to accept management assertions
without corroborating evidence, is at the heart of every audit engagement. It is a difficult concept
to define and measure, however. Still, both researchers and regulators, including the Public
Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB), continue to stress the importance of
professional skepticism, particularly as it affects auditor assessments of management fraud risk.
A sample of a senior-level auditing students across three sections participated in an
experiment where they assessed management fraud risk. Participants first self-assessed their level
of skepticism, and then completed a management fraud risk assessment for a hypothetical
company. One of these sections (thirty-one students) received additional instruction prior to their
participation. Specifically, those students saw several concrete examples that highlighted the
importance of professional skepticism, and the consequences of a lack thereof (i.e., audit failures).
Results for the experimental group not only show a significant increase in skepticism, but also a
strong positive correlation between the level of skepticism and the assessed level of management
fraud risk. Implications for practice, instruction, and future research are discussed in the paper.
Keywords: Strategies, teaching, professional skepticism, classroom, auditing class